Chapter 12, Verse 12
Text
श्रेयो हि ज्ञानमभ्यासाज्ज्ञानाद्ध्यानं विशिष्यते।ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम्।।12.12।।
Transliteration
śhreyo hi jñānam abhyāsāj jñānād dhyānaṁ viśhiṣhyate dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgas tyāgāch chhāntir anantaram
Word Meanings
śhreyaḥ—better; hi—for; jñānam—knowledge; abhyāsāt—than (mechanical) practice; jñānāt—than knowledge; dhyānam—meditation; viśhiṣhyate—better; dhyānāt—than meditation; karma-phala-tyāgaḥ—renunciation of the fruits of actions; tyāgāt—renunciation; śhāntiḥ—peace; anantaram—immediately
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Translations
In English by Swami Adidevananda
Far better is knowledge of the Self than the repeated practice (of remembrance of the Lord). Better is meditation than this knowledge; better is renunciation of the fruits of action than meditation. From such renunciation, peace ensues.
In English by Swami Sivananda
Better indeed is knowledge than practice; better than knowledge is meditation; better than meditation is the renunciation of the fruits of actions: peace immediately follows renunciation.
In Hindi by Swami Ramsukhdas
।।12.12।।अभ्याससे शास्त्रज्ञान श्रेष्ठ है, शास्त्रज्ञानसे ध्यान श्रेष्ठ है और ध्यानसे भी सब कर्मोंके फलका त्याग श्रेष्ठ है। कर्मफलत्यागसे तत्काल ही परमशान्ति प्राप्त हो जाती है।
In English by Swami Sivananda
12.12 श्रेयः better, हि indeed, ज्ञानम् knowledge, अभ्यासात् than practice, ज्ञानात् than knowledge, ध्यानम् meditation, विशिष्यते excels, ध्यानात् than meditation, कर्मफलत्यागः the renunciation of the fruits of actions, त्यागात् from renunciation, शान्तिः peace, अनन्तरम् immediately.Commentary Theoretical or indirect knowledge of Brahman gained from the scriptures is better than the practice (of restraining the modifications of the mind or worship of idols or selfmortification for the purpose of control of the mind and the senses) accompained with ignorance. Meditation is better than theoretical knowledge. Renunciation of the fruits of actions is bettern than meditation. Renunciation of the fruits of all actions as a means to the attainment of supreme peace or Moksha is merely eulogised here by the declaration of the superiority of one over the other to encourage Arjuna (and other spiritual aspirants) to practise Nishkama Karma Yoga, to create a strong desire in them to take up the Yoga of selfless action, in the same manner as by saying that the ocean was drunk by the Brahmana sage Agastya even the Brahmanas of this age are extolled because they are also Brahmanas.Desire is an enemy of peace. Desire causes restlessness of the mind. Desire is the source of all human miseries, sorrows and troubles. Stop the play of desire through discrimination, dispassion and eniry into the nature of the Self then you will enjoy supreme peace.Renunciation of the fruits of actions, is prescribed for the purification of the aspirants heart. It annihlates desire, the enemy of wisdom. The sage, too, renounces the fruits of actions. It has become natural to him to do so.
In Hindi by Swami Ramsukhdas
।।12.12।। व्याख्या--[भगवान्ने आठवें श्लोकसे ग्यारहवें श्लोकतक एक-एक साधनमें असमर्थ होनेपर क्रमशः समर्पण-योग, अभ्यासयोग, भगवदर्थ कर्म और कर्मफल-त्याग--ये चार साधन बताये। इससे ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि क्रमशः पहले साधनकी अपेक्षा आगेका साधन नीचे दर्जेका है, और अन्तमें कहा गया कर्मफलत्यागका साधन सबसे नीचे दर्जेका है। इस बातकी पुष्टि इससे भी होती है कि पहलेके तीन साधनोंमें भगवत्प्राप्तिरूप फलकी बात ('निवसिष्यसि मय्येव' , मामिच्छाप्तुम्' तथा 'सिद्धिमवाप्स्यसि' -- इन पदोंद्वारा) साथ-साथ कही गयी; परन्तु ग्यारहवें श्लोकमें जहाँ कर्मफलत्याग करनेकी आज्ञा दी गयी है, वहाँ उसका फल भगवत्प्राप्ति नहीं बताया गया।